Wednesday, May 28, 2008
Research in Catalunya: Biotechnology and Biomedicine in Catalonia
8 maig 2008
Research in Catalunya: Biotechnology and Biomedicine in Catalonia
"Catalan International View (A European Review of the World)
mbalcells | dimecres, 28 de maig de 2008 | 19:33h"
Biotechnology and Biomedicine in Catalunya, a window on the world
by Manel Balcells
The birth of a cluster from a biomedical alliance
The embryo of the BioRegion of Catalunya was the ‘Barcelona Biomedical Alliance’, an agreement signed on the 3rd of September 2003 by three of the main participants in the biomedical scene in Catalunya: two leading science parks and a research institute. Subsequently two Catalan universities have joined the initiative.
This first step towards a common, successful future of excellence in life sciences was sponsored by the ‘Generalitat de Catalunya’ (the Government of Catalunya) and the Barcelona City Council. The purpose of the initiative was to organize public biomedical research in Catalunya and build up its competitiveness, according to the European policy of promoting environments of scientific and technological excellence. The Government identified an area of future growth with enough potentail to compete at a global level. On the 14th of February 2006, Biocat was formally constituted as the organization that promotes the biotechnology and biomedicine in Catalunya. Now, the BioRegion of Catalunya (the biocluster) is fully consolidated.
At the beginning of 2007, Dr. Montserrat Vendrell (as director) and myself (as president of the Executive Committee) took the lead of Biocat, with the goals of facilitating networking among the different stakeholders, fostering biotechnology and biomedicine as key economic motors for the country, promoting Catalunya on the world stage, and contributing to a better understanding and perception of life sciences in society. This commitment to competitiveness involves defining the right instruments, and the initiatives to be undertaken. This is the responsibility of Biocat.
The Catalan Government and the Barcelona City Council are not only continuing to explicitly support this platform, they also are providing impetus, through the regional Ministries involved (Health, Economy, Universities, Innovation and Industry, and the Vice-presidency). The president and vice-president of the Catalan Government are also president and vice-president of the Biocat board. The position of executive president of Biocat, which I currently hold, is designated by the government.
The Catalan reality: excellence in research and innovation:
Catalunya stands out in the field of clinical research and human health, with a network of 60 hospitals, six of which count among Spain’s most prolific hospitals in terms of scientific production. Twelve universities and twelve science parks, six of them specifically dedicated to biomedical and agro-food research and development activities, host a network of services (technology platforms) in different areas (genomics, proteomics, crystallography, nanotechnology, fine chemistry and so on).
Modern biotechnology is applied to medicine and health care in therapeutics, mainly for the discovery and production of new drugs
Barcelona hosts the ITER (‘Fusion for Energy’) headquarters, and will also be home to Alba, a new European Synchrotron (an electron accelerator that produces X-Rays used for research purposes).
Research in Catalunya
The network of 150 research centres of excellence include; the IBM-UPC Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, with Mare Nostrum (the most powerful supercomputer in Europe) the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), with outstand-ing researchers such as Miguel Beato; the Barcelona Regenerative Medicine Centre (CMRB, whose director, Juan Carlos Izpisúa, is also professor of the Gene Expression Laboratory at the Salk Institute); the August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS); the research institute of Hospital Clinic in Barcelona, which, in terms of scientific production, is the most prolific hospital in Catalunya (and the Spanish state); and the Biomedical Research Institute (IRB), whose president, the leading Catalan expert on cancer metastasis, Joan Massagué, is also director of the Cancer Biology and Genetics Program at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre (Massagué has been one of the 50 most cited authors in all fields of science in the last twenty years). These and other excellence centres linked to universities, the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) and science parks, host more than 400 research groups in life sciences generating excellence projects that feed the biotechnology start-up companies and big pharmaceutical partners.
The three existing biomedical science parks in Greater Barcelona are; the Barcelona Science Park (PCB), home to the first bioincubator in Catalunya; the Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB); and the UAB Science Park (Autonomous University of Barcelona), the latter being home to a group of centres created to respond to specific needs in research fields of great interest. The PRBB is one of the largest biomedical re-search parks in Southern Europe, home to several excellent research institutes, and forms a knowledge core for one of the main innovation assets of the city, 22@Barcelona, a technology district that integrates the different agents in the field of innovation.
Catalan Biotech companies
About 250 companies are linked to the bio-technology sector (60 biotechnological, 60 pharmaceutical and around 120 using biotech or providing services to the biotech industry). About 800 people work in the Biotech sector, and 20,000 in the pharmaceutical.
Biotechnology is the application of science and technology to living organisms, or to parts, products and models of them, for the production of knowledge, goods and services. Modern biotechnology is applied in medicine and health care in therapeutics, mainly for the discovery and production of new drugs, in preventives for the development of vaccines, and in diagnostic kits. Most of the biotechnology companies in Catalunya focus on drug development and diagnosis.
Catalunya also boasts four large domestic pharmaceutical companies that have evolved into multinationals: Almirall, Esteve, Ferrer and Uri-ach. Also subsidiaries of some of the main multinational companies in the sector have chosen Catalunya as a venue. Some examples are Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer and Sanofi Aventis. Together they account for about sixty percent of Spanish pharmaceutical production. The current trend in the Catalan biotech sec-tor is to create new businesses at a rate of more than 10 companies per year. In 2006 and 2007 Catalunya was the most dynamic Autonomous Community in the Spanish state in terms of the creation of new biotech companies.
The international stage
To attract international interest, Catalunya counts on some inherent assets, such as a strategic location and good quality of life, but also with unique assets, such as excellence in research and an entrepreneurial spirit. We must profit from the fact that Barcelona is considered a dynamic and innovative location, with the highest quality of life in Europe (according to Cushman & Wakefield’s 2006 European Cities Monitor Research), and the fourth best city in Europe for businesses.
Throughout 2007 Biocat coordinated the candidacy of Barcelona as European headquarters for the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI). Despite the fact that the European Commission took the decision to establish the headquarters in Brussels, we are now obtaining the benefits of this previous work, in terms of Catalunya’s raised profile and the possibility of participating in European consortia. We are also facilitating the ac-cess of local institutions and companies to other European funding programs. We have also set the basis for the participation of Catalunya in the Eurobioregion project, beginning to work with our French counterparts in the design of the Southern Europe Biocluster.
All the structures in the bio sector need a brand in order to act collectively with enough critical mass to compete at all levels and to accede to global resources
Exploring further afield, Biocat has signed a memorandum of understanding with the All India Biotech Association to favour the partnership between Catalan and Indian companies. While thinking globally but acting more locally, we are working with local institutions to identify and ad-dress internationalisation needs, such as the identification of geographic areas of interest, grants for missions, delegations and conferences, and so on. We coordinate the participation of the sector in international events, such as the BIO Inter-national Convention. In 2008 our BIO delegation to San Diego to attend the world’s premier biotechnology conference will exceed 70 people, more than two thirds of the participants from the Spanish state.
Future plans: boost Catalunya’s profile
The months to come will be very busy for the BioRegion. Thanks to Biocat’s role as a catalyst, several major projects are in the pipeline.
The Industrial Innovative Clusters Project
Biocat has led significant actions in the private sector, such as the presentation of two specific plans, for Biotechnology and for Medical Technologies, to the Spanish Ministry of Industry. These seek to improve the international competitiveness of Catalan companies in terms of innovative capabilities.
Biopol Health Park
In terms of infrastructures, for both the public and private sector, we coordinate the Biopol Health Park project, a 300,000m2 Science Park near Barcelona, focused on human health and built to host hospitals, universities, research centres and companies. This project is aimed at leveraging the sector and surpassing the local stage to become an international hub, meeting quality standards in terms of advanced facilities, as well as urban image and design.
The European Institute of Technology
The future European Institute of Technology (EIT) is a great opportunity for Europe to see innovation as the main driver to the European Community’s development. It represents a major European innovation project, relying on techno-logical excellence and regional cooperation. This institute will be built around (and benefit from) relevant, already existing, development cores (Knowledge Innovation Communities or KICs), that will stimulate the necessary collaboration between industry and institutions, between public and private sectors. Biocat is leading the efforts towards the EIT initiative in Catalunya.
Training
According to the general goal of recruiting top human capital to cover the biomedical and biotechnological sector needs, we are also promoting the creation of experienced pools of managers for the life science industry. The proposal involves recruiting internationally, as well as training at local and European level. Programs for experts may require the establishment of specific grants to help entrepreneurs to achieve the mobility requirements to attend the different European modules on biotechnology industry management.
A brand: Catalan excellence
Catalunya, its researchers and all the structures in the bio sector need a brand in order to act collectively with enough critical mass to compete at all levels, to accede to global resources, to international projects and to communicate with the world competitiveness clusters. The agreements we have established with India, Finland, the West Coast of the USA and the Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon French regions, must allow a fluent exchange of experience, expertise and partnerships on the international stage.
Acting jointly, we are strong enough to have a presence in a global world. This strength will en-able us to form a spearhead towards a knowledge-based economy. This unified image will be made visible by means of collaborations in future issues of this publication. Relevant representatives and outstanding experts of the Catalan life sciences community will use this window on the world to disseminate the Catalan stamp of excellence, through diverse visions of this modern, competitive Catalunya.
Tuesday, May 27, 2008
Katalonien, eine kleine Landeskunde
Katalonien, eine kleine Landeskunde
Subirats | divendres, 4 d'abril de 2008 | 07:51h
Die Katalanische Kultur ist Ehrengast der Franfurter Buchmesse 2007, Jährlich besuchen über zwei Millionen Deutsche dieses Land am Mittelmeer. Die meisten dieser besucher fahren "nach Spanien". Auch dis übergrosse Mehrheit der Spanier hält Katalonien füer eine Region ihres Landes. Die Meisten Katalanen dagegen halten ihr Volk für eine Nation und sehen sich nur ungern als Einwohner einer unter vielen anderen spanischen Regionen.
Ist Katalonien also eine Nation ohne Staat oder eine Region Spaniens? Auch im Land selbst gibt es Zweifel. Nationale Nabelschau, mirar-se el melic, gilt ja als katalanischer Nationalsport. Die Frage ist natürlich, was man unter "Nation" versteht. Besonders im französischen und englischen, aber auch im spanischen Sprachgebrauch sird das Wort als Synonym für den Staat gebraucht - so spricht man beispielsweise von den Vereinten "Nationen" und meint damit eine Organitsation von Staaten. Katalonien ist aber kein Staat. Dort, wo "Staat" und "Nation" übereinstimmen, fällt der alltägliche Nationalismus der Fahnen, Symbole und Adjektive niemandem auf - Spanier verstehen deshalb nur schwer, dass Katalanen die Gültigkeit dieser Symbole infrage stellen, oder sogar versuchen, sie durch eigene zu ersetzen, ohne einen Staat zu haben und oft auch ohne ihn zu wollen.
Auf der anderen Seite werden z.B. im Deutschen, in den slawischen sprachen und im Katalanischen andere mögliche Kennzeichen einer Nation in den Vordergrund gerückt: eine gemeinsame Sprache, Kultur und Bräuche, eine gemeinsame Geschichte. Manchmal stehen auch eine gemeinsame Abstammung und die Existenz eines gemeinsamen Wirtschaftsraums oder -stils im Zentrum. auch das Vorhandensein eines Nationalgefühls und- bewusstseins gehort in den Reigen möglicher Definitionselemente. Schliesslich gibt es auch eine Denkrichtung, derzufolge alle Nationen erst das Ergebnis der Nationalbewegungen sind und davor gar nicht existieren.
Saturday, May 24, 2008
La independencia de Catalunya es ineluctable e inevitable. Ha empezado la cuenta atrás!
Dependencia o independencia de Catalunya
Tras treinta años de democracia estable, sólidamente anclados en la Unión Europea y el euro, impensables los golpes de Estado, integrados en la globalización y prósperos, es hora de hacer balance sobre si le conviene a Catalunya seguir en España.
Salvo efusiones líricas, amenazas gonadales y acusaciones de delirio psiquiátrico (idénticas a las practicadas por la dictadura soviética), no se oye en España argumento alguno que justifique la dependencia de Catalunya. Los unionistas catalanes, salvo una cierta apelación a la resignación y la rutina, tampoco razonan, incluso recurren crecientemente al escarnio y la amenaza, aquí más próximos a los usos de la dictadura maoísta.
Es normal esta afasia, que se intenta ocultar bajo abundantes bramidos, pues el fundamento económico de la conveniencia de pertenecer a España ha desaparecido. Ya no es el Estado español quien tiene moneda y determina los tipos de cambio, los tipos de interés y los aranceles de importación y exportación. Ya no hay mercado español, lo ha absorbido el único europeo, y es Bruselas quien toma esas decisiones y se abre a la globalización, con el resultado inevitable de la disminución de la importancia relativa del antiguo mercado protegido: hoy Catalunya vende al resto del Estado menos del 40% de su producción, e importa de allí menos del 35%. A Catalunya la dependencia ya no le es compensada por el acceso privilegiado al mercado español, que además se ha convertido en arriesgado por ser el único en que los productos catalanes son boicoteados por el hecho de serlo (práctica del 21% de los madrileños, según ABC).
Sólo le queda a España un mecanismo de actuación económica, la inversión pública, y los datos y hechos son elocuentes: tras décadas de detraer cada año el 10% del PIB catalán sin invertir en Catalunya (19.200 millones de euros el 2005), se desploman los servicios públicos que gestiona España y llevan su E: RENFE, AENA, REE, ENDESA, etc. ¿Qué reciben los catalanes a cambio del expolio fiscal? Ni siquiera la transparencia, pues los balances fiscales, públicos en la Unión Europea, Alemania o Reino Unido, los ocultan en España tanto los gobiernos del PP como los del PSOE. ¿Qué esconden?
Tampoco a la hora de comprar empresas españolas es una ventaja estar en España, pues la toma de control catalana es bloqueada de una u otra manera, y contra ella se blande la Constitución y la xenofobia, que no se invoca frente a OPAs alemanas o italianas.
Al expolio del Estado y la explotación monopolística de los servicios públicos privatizados se añade la penuria de la Generalitat. Baste un dato: tras treinta años de autonomía, y para 7,5 millones de habitantes, el presupuesto catalán es de 32.000 millones de euros. Tras ocho años de autonomía, y para 5 millones de habitantes, el presupuesto escocés es de 46.000 millones de euros. Escocia en ocho años ha conseguido el doble por habitante de lo conseguido por Catalunya en treinta.
Mal negocio es hoy España para Catalunya: privada de política fiscal, crónicamente objeto de desinversión pública, discriminada hasta en tratados internacionales (esos que firma el Estado español prohibiendo que utilicen el aeropuerto de Barcelona los aviones desde o hacia Toronto, Miami, México, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, etc.), boicoteados sus productos, rechazados sus compradores como extranjeros hostiles, ¿a quién le interesa continuar la dependencia? ¿Alguien podría explicar alguna ventaja comparativa de la dependencia respecto a la independencia? (si puede ser, sin insultar).
El problema de Catalunya se llama España, que se dedica, mediante el aparato del Estado que los catalanes pagan, a bloquear todos sus proyectos: ni conexión ferroviaria del puerto con Europa, ni servicios públicos que funcionen, ni inversiones en infraestructuras, ni TGV a Europa, ni toma de control de empresas españolas, ni aeropuerto intercontinental, ni nada de nada.
Ya están conseguidos los objetivos modernizadores comunes a catalanes y españoles, España ya es democrática y europea, pero tan adversa a la diversidad como siempre, no se concibe como plurinacional sino como unitaria, y percibe a los ‘diferentes’ no como un activo a promover sino como una molestia a eliminar. Proclama que Catalunya es España, pero piensa y actúa que Catalunya es de España. Una posesión.
Intentamos de buena fe una corrección del expolio fiscal, el dominio político y la discriminación económica y cultural. Tendimos la mano para sólo recibir insultos, boicots y engaños, y un Estatuto que no se aplica ni cumple, pues este Gobierno español, como los anteriores, no tiene por qué cumplir la ley cuando afecta a Catalunya. No pasa nada, ya lo avalarán como siempre los Tribunales Supremo y Constitucional, que para eso los nombran el PP y el PSOE.
Se equivocan: bloqueada bajo España, maltratada en España, insultada por España, harta de España, a Catalunya sólo le queda un camino: la independencia.
España tiene mucho a ganar con un Estado catalán, perdería un miembro descontento y problemático pero ganaría un buen vecino y amigo, y podría superar los bloqueos que sufren las libertades y la democracia por causa de una estructura institucional concebida y practicada para asegurar el dominio de una mayoría nacional española sobre las minorías nacionales. Como ya advirtió Burke, es ese dominio la causa de las mayores corrupciones del orden constitucional.
Dijo Azaña que para mantener España unida había que bombardear Barcelona cada cincuenta años, método que calificaba de bárbaro pero efectivo. Los bombardeos ya no son posibles, y España no ha aprendido en su lugar el método de ganar la adhesión cordial e interesada de los catalanes. En el fondo, tanto da. Se ponga como se ponga, la independencia de Catalunya es ineluctable e inevitable. Mene Tequel Parsin. Ha empezado la cuenta atrás.
Alfons López Tena es vocal del Consejo General del Poder Judicial.
Artículo Publicado origináriamente en lengua castellana en el diario Público, Madrid, 16 de Octubre de 2007.
Thursday, May 15, 2008
Esperanzas y responsabilidades de independencia
ERC: ÉS HORA DE CANVIAR D’ESTRATÈGIA
(ARTICULO PUBLICADO EN EL DIARIO GARA DE EUSKAL HERRIA)
Jueves, 15 de mayo de 2008 | 18:52h
Apostamos por situar la lucha por el derecho de autodeterminación en el centro de la acción política de ERC, por dotar de alternativas propias congruentes con este objetivo la gestión de Esquerra en las instituciones y por condicionar los pactos de gobierno a un Acuerdo Democrático Catalán que prevea el ejercicio del derecho a decidir.
ERC afronta un congreso decisivo el próximo 14 de junio, después de unos resultados electorales que reflejan una continuada línea descendente iniciada con el referéndum convocado para ratificar el proyecto de Estatuto de Autonomía que se celebró el 18 de junio del 2006. Significativamente, el no propugnado oficialmente por ERC tras muchas dudas y especulaciones, (forzado por las asambleas de militantes contra el criterio de buena parte de la dirección que apostaba por el sí), tuvo un seguimiento escaso. Fue un primer toque de alerta ante los primeros síntomas de incoherencia que lejos de ser atendido precipitó a la dirección de ERC hacía el acatamiento del resultado del referéndum, la asunción del desarrollo estatutario como objetivo estratégico y la gobernabilidad a cualquier precio. Conductas que, sumadas a los comportamientos arrogantes propios de la los partidos del régimen, han llevado a ERC a perder credibilidad entre nuestro electorado. Sucesivamente, en las elecciones autonómicas del 1 de noviembre del 2006 y en las municipales del 27 de mayo del 2007 ERC ha ido perdiendo apoyo popular. La causa fundamental es que Esquerra ha dejado de tener la iniciativa política, no ha planteado ningún proyecto de autodeterminación creíble y ha asumido en la practica el discurso del Partido Socialista según el cual la cuestión social (prioritaria) y la cuestión nacional (secundaria) son aspiraciones desiguales y sin lazos en común...
Pese a la claridad de los resultados electorales la actual dirección de ERC, (Carod -a través de candidatos interpuestos- y Puigcercós) sin hacer autocrítica de ningún tipo, se encastilla y por separado concurre a la elección de presidente y secretario general que se celebrará el 7 de junio. Frente a ellos, dos candidaturas de renovación estratégica y de equipo de dirección: Reagrupament y Esquerra Independentista. Quienes subscribimos este texto apostamos por situar la lucha por el derecho de autodeterminación del pueblo catalán en el centro de la acción política de ERC, por dotar de alternativas propias congruentes con este objetivo la gestión de Esquerra en las instituciones y por condicionar los pactos de gobierno que puedan derivarse de las elecciones catalanas previstas para el 2010 a un Acuerdo Democrático Catalán que prevea el ejercicio del derecho a decidir.
A diferencia de los dirigentes actuales que propugnan que ERC participe en las elecciones europeas del año que viene en una candidatura única con CIU (que ya ha rechazado la propuesta), nosotros apostamos por una candidatura de ERC abierta a las entidades cívicas y personas que desde los Països Catalans, pero también desde Euskal Herria y Galiza, estén dispuestas a llevar la reivindicación del derecho de autodeterminación de los pueblos catalán, vasco y gallego al Parlamento Europeo.
Creemos que esta segunda legislatura del presidente Rodríguez Zapatero se caracterizará por los acuerdos de estado entre el PSOE y el PP para bloquear toda iniciativa conducente al ejercicio del derecho de autodeterminación en Euskal Herria o Catalunya. Ante esta perspectiva las fuerzas independentistas de cada nación han de abrir vías alternativas que superen los planes del nacionalismo español para liquidar «la cuestión nacional» en el Estado español. Precisamente en una época en la que en la Europa democrática se aceptan procesos de autodeterminación de los que surgen nuevos estados (Montenegro, Kosovo) y se abren con toda normalidad esperanzas de independencia para Escocia o reunificación nacional en Irlanda.
Jaume Renyer i Uriel Bertran candidats a President i Secretari General d'ERC
Army Troglodytes in Spain
Published: January 24, 2006
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/24/opinion/24tue4.html?_r=3&oref=slogin&oref=slogin
Editorial
Army Troglodytes in Spain
It is a basic principle of democracy that army officers do not publicly challenge the legitimacy of elected governments or talk about marching their troops into the capital to overturn decisions of Parliament. Yet that is just what has happened twice this month in Spain, a country whose 20th-century history compels it to take such threats seriously, even when the chances of insubordinate words' leading to insubordinate actions seems quite unlikely.
The response of the center-left government of Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero has been appropriately firm, including the dismissal and arrest of one of the culprits, a senior army general. Regrettably, the center-right Popular Party, the main opposition group, seems more interested in making excuses for the officers than in defending the democratic order in which it has a vital stake.
Spain's swift and smooth passage to modern democracy after the death of Francisco Franco in 1975 makes it easy to forget the horrors of the civil war and the brutal dictatorship that preceded it. Those nightmares began when right-wing army officers rebelled against an elected left-wing government they considered to be illegitimate and too deferential to regional separatists.
Spanish society, Spanish politicians and, for the most part, Spanish military officers have come a long way from that era, moderating their views and deepening their commitment to democratic give-and-take. But the Popular Party has had a hard time getting over its electoral defeat nearly two years ago, days after the terrorist bombings of commuter trains in Madrid. It has never really accepted the democratic legitimacy of that vote. It is time for the Popular Party to move ahead. Spanish democracy needs and deserves vigorous bipartisan support.
More Articles in Opinion >
Related Blogs
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/24/opinion/24tue4.html?_r=3&oref=slogin&oref=slogin
Editorial
Army Troglodytes in Spain
It is a basic principle of democracy that army officers do not publicly challenge the legitimacy of elected governments or talk about marching their troops into the capital to overturn decisions of Parliament. Yet that is just what has happened twice this month in Spain, a country whose 20th-century history compels it to take such threats seriously, even when the chances of insubordinate words' leading to insubordinate actions seems quite unlikely.
The response of the center-left government of Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero has been appropriately firm, including the dismissal and arrest of one of the culprits, a senior army general. Regrettably, the center-right Popular Party, the main opposition group, seems more interested in making excuses for the officers than in defending the democratic order in which it has a vital stake.
Spain's swift and smooth passage to modern democracy after the death of Francisco Franco in 1975 makes it easy to forget the horrors of the civil war and the brutal dictatorship that preceded it. Those nightmares began when right-wing army officers rebelled against an elected left-wing government they considered to be illegitimate and too deferential to regional separatists.
Spanish society, Spanish politicians and, for the most part, Spanish military officers have come a long way from that era, moderating their views and deepening their commitment to democratic give-and-take. But the Popular Party has had a hard time getting over its electoral defeat nearly two years ago, days after the terrorist bombings of commuter trains in Madrid. It has never really accepted the democratic legitimacy of that vote. It is time for the Popular Party to move ahead. Spanish democracy needs and deserves vigorous bipartisan support.
More Articles in Opinion >
Related Blogs
Monday, May 05, 2008
The Catalan language in the World
EL CATALÀ, LA LLENGUA MÉS EMPRADA EN ELS BLOCS DESPRÉS DE L'ANGLÈS
03.05.2008 - 21:04
We use statistical techniques to identify blog language. That means that our algorithm decides what language a blog is in by looking at the text content, and not at any language attributes in the markup. Weblogs with fewer than 500 bytes of text content are not included in this list.
How reliable is our algorithm? We're currently doing statistical sampling to find out, and will post results in this table when they are ready.
Type Count
English 1958443
Catalan 123320
French 83950
Spanish 80509
Portuguese 71561
German 35870
Italian 26659
Chinese-big5 25123
Farsi 19730
Chinese-gb2312 19324
Japanese 18576
Dutch 13133
Danish 9870
Indonesian 8831
Malay 6658
Japanese-euc_jp 5413
Swedish 5267
Czech 5089
Icelandic 3776
Tagalog 3608
Finnish 3326
Turkish 2817
Esperanto 2803
Slovak-ascii 2592
Informa: RAFAMARTIN.INFO
----------------
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